长江刀鲚选育群体转录组EST-SSR的分布特征分析

本研究利用MISA软件挖掘长江刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)肌肉和肝脏转录组中的微卫星标记，为刀鲚选育群体的种质资源评估和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。结果显示，从71869条Unigenes中共获得33896条重复单元长度为1~6碱基的微卫星序列；刀鲚转录组中不同类型微卫星的重复基序具有不同的分布特征，其中，单核苷酸重复、二核苷酸重复和三核苷酸重复为主要的微卫星重复类型，分别占总微卫星数目的34.94%、49.47%和13.34%；不同微卫星重复类型的优势重复基序亦有所不同，其中，A/T为单核苷酸重复基序的优势重复基序占86.25%，AC/GT为二核苷酸重复基序的为优势重复基序占75.25%，AGG/CCT为三核苷酸重复基序的优势重复基序占28.57%；不同微卫星重复基序核苷酸的数量和重复次数亦有所不同，重复次数伴随着重复单元中核苷酸数量的增加而呈现降低的趋势；从100对四核苷酸重复的SSR引物中筛选获得了16对多态性微卫星标记，并以此为基础，对长江刀鲚选育群体(F3)的遗传学特征进行了初步评估，结果显示，长江刀鲚选育群体F3的平均有效等位基因数(Ne)、平均观测杂合度(Ho)、平均期望杂合度(He)和Shannon多样性指数I分别为1.7580、0.3414、0.3977和0.6278。以上结果表明，基于刀鲚转录组数据批量开发微卫星是切实可行的，所开发的多态性微卫星标记能够应用于长江刀鲚选育群体的遗传背景评估和进一步的遗传育种研究。     

Correlation Between Serum Activity of Muscle Enzymes and Stage of the Estrous Cycle in Italian Standardbred Horses Susceptible to Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome affecting racehorses. Prevalence analysis of ER showed that female sex was a significant risk factor. The aim of this research was to evaluate the differences and correlations in the serum activity of muscle enzymes and the stage of the estrous cycle in ER-susceptible and control (C) mares. Serum muscle enzyme activity before and after exercise and sex hormones were analyzed in the two groups of mares. Ten cyclic ER and 10 cyclic C mares were examined weekly for 4 weeks. During diestrus, ER horses had significantly higher resting and postexercise aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but not creatine kinase (CK) activity, compared with controls; only postexercise AST activity was significantly higher during estrus compared with activity levels in controls. During estrus, 17β-estradiol and AST activity were significantly negatively correlated in the control but not ER mares. Based on our results, further studies should be performed to characterize the presumptive different roles played by sexual hormones in horses susceptible to ER compared with healthy mares.     

抗条锈病普通小麦-滨麦6BS·6NsS附加易位系的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

易位系是向小麦转移外源种属优异基因的重要种质资源。普通小麦-滨麦衍生系M13063A-1由小麦-滨麦第六部分同源群二体异附加系材料连续自交获得。为了给普通小麦-滨麦衍生系M13063A-1的利用提供依据，本研究利用形态学、细胞学、原位杂交、分子标记等技术，对该材料进行了鉴定。细胞学鉴定结果显示，M13063A-1有丝分裂中期染色体数目为44条，减数分裂中期I染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ，且在减数分裂后期Ⅰ可均等分离。原位杂交结果表明，M13063A-1含有42条普通小麦染色体和1对普通小麦-滨麦易位染色体，易位染色体长臂为滨麦Ns基因组染色体片段，短臂为6BS。分子标记分析确定M13063A-1携带的滨麦染色体片段为6NsS。成株期条锈病抗性鉴定显示，M13063A-1抗条锈菌生理小种条中31和条中32。因此，M13063A-1是一个抗条锈病的普通小麦-滨麦6BS·6NsS附加易位系，可以用作小麦抗病育种的桥梁材料。     

An efficient method to produce segregating populations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Quinoa offers a promising alternative for staple food, considering its outstanding nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stresses. To develop breeding programmes in quinoa, a reliable crossing method for increasing the genetic variation is required. In the following study, we aimed to develop segregating populations in quinoa. We tested the efficiency of three different crossing methods (hand emasculation, warm water emasculation and no emasculation). Moreover we developed a two-stage selection strategy based on morphological traits and molecular markers for the selection of hybrid plants. We reported hand emasculation to be the most efficient crossing method, followed by warm water emasculation and no emasculation. Our results demonstrated that crosses in quinoa can be successfully performed, despite its complicated flower structure and high self-pollination rate. Additionally, we developed 30 segregating populations from crosses between accessions of different origins with varying phylogenetic relationship, which offers a promising perspective for quinoa breeding programmes in the future.     

黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因多态性与腹脂性状的相关性研究

长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶(ACSLs)是长链脂肪酸通过硫代酯化进而合成酰基辅酶A衍生物所必需的酶,也是脂肪酸代谢的第一步。哺乳动物ACSL家族由ACSL1、ACSL3、ACSL4、ACSL5和ACSL65个不同的成员组成,ACSL1是主要的异构体之一。为探讨黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因作为腹脂性状分子标记的可行性,本实验采用PCR-直接测序技术对黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因进行遗传多态性分析。结果显示:黄羽肉鸡ACSL1基因第17到第18外显子区域(1295 bp)SNPs位点较丰富,T32126C、C32013T、A31958G这3个位点的等位基因频率符合哈代-温伯格平衡,且A31958G突变位点、T32126C突变位点与腹脂重、腹脂率不相关,C32013T突变位点对鸡的腹脂重与腹脂率有显著影响,提示能够利用C32013T突变位点对黄羽肉鸡腹脂重进行分子标记辅助选择。     

香樟ISSR-PCR反应体系的正交优化

应用L9(34)正交表建立了适合于樟树ISSR-PCR的优化反应体系,即20μL ISSR反应体系中含有1×PCR buffer、dNTP0.25 mmol/L、引物0.3μmol/L、Mg2 2.0 mmol/L、Taq酶1 U和模板DNA50 ng.适宜的扩增条件为:94℃预变性4 min;94℃变性40 s,58℃退火1 min,72℃延伸2 min,42个循环;72℃延伸10 min;4℃保存.     

DNA分子标记技术在食用菌研究中的应用及进展

根据近年来国内外的文献报道,对DNA分子标记技术在食用菌遗传育种、菌种和菌株鉴定、遗传多样性分析、基因定位和克隆等研究中的应用及进展进行了综述和分析.认为随着分子生物学技术的进一步发展,将有更多、更有效的分子标记在食用菌研究中得以应用,同时随着分子标记技术应用的深入,更高密度、更为实用有效的遗传连锁图谱将被建立,大量重要的功能基因将被定位和克隆,这将为进一步培育高产、优质、抗病、耐贮等食用菌新品种奠定良好的基础.     

小麦高蛋白质含量基因GPC-B1的分子标记研究

应用SSR分子标记技术对4份来自美国的小麦研究材料的高蛋白含量基因GPC-B1进行分子标记分析。通过引物筛选和标记研究,其SSR分子标记为Xuhw89122。为鉴定其分子标记分析结果,对所有的小麦研究材料进行蛋白质含量的测定,来自美国的4份研究材料之一的PI638740的蛋白质含量高达20.41%,明显高于其他研究材料。田间观察结果显示,PI638740的成熟期比别的研究材料提前衰老一周左右。本研究将为转移控制小麦高蛋白质含量的基因到其他优良小麦品种(品系)中、推进小麦育种进程及改进小麦育种技术提供理论依据。     

小白菜自交不亲和性相关基因的分子标记开发

以自交亲和系WS-199和自交不亲和系WS-85为亲本杂交获得的F_2分离群体为供试材料,采用BSA法结合SNP芯片技术,筛选出与自交不亲和性相关的SNP标记,并将SNP差异位点序列信息与白菜基因组序列进行比对分析,并进一步开发SSR标记,共获得了与自交不亲和性相关的SSR分子标记BrA1-2、BrA1-3和BrA1-14,为分子标记辅助自交不亲和性杂交种生产提供技术支持。     

A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures

Herbage production is regarded as having environment-friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU-wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within-cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non-distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV-declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan-European (EU-VCU) test network. The proposed EU-VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.